Hacking.BaBa: Information

How to Create Folder "CON"

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2 style="text-align: center;"> </h2><h2 style="text-align: center;">How to Create Folder "CON"</h2> <div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyowK0skjfnmbC4kojjJygLqeZG5o_89v8nRVPxv_0zttehiArvqUKx4T-199fFbGIFkRuNPpvpxNpU9lpzxKIW0MBlIt2S6r-Kw4or75HqJvFSZ_tXpzBBDxaBqcRkrsQeiPoPDrDrhl/s1600/m0324.jpg">htt</a> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyowK0skjfnmbC4kojjJygLqeZG5o_89v8nRVPxv_0zttehiArvqUKx4T-199fFbGIFkRuNPpvpxNpU9lpzxKIW0MBlIt2S6r-Kw4or75HqJvFSZ_tXpzBBDxaBqcRkrsQeiPoPDrDrhl/s1600/m0324.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyowK0skjfnmbC4kojjJygLqeZG5o_89v8nRVPxv_0zttehiArvqUKx4T-199fFbGIFkRuNPpvpxNpU9lpzxKIW0MBlIt2S6r-Kw4or75HqJvFSZ_tXpzBBDxaBqcRkrsQeiPoPDrDrhl/s320/m0324.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Hi Guys, How are you? i hope you all are well. I was little bit busy that why can't post know i'm back with amazing and excite trick.</h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">Ever tried to create a folder "CON" or "AUX" or "NUL".</h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"> </h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">Tried now???  - </h4><div><h4>not working :)</h4></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWlr8LeWUJ0hY9k9qGd9WO02rV1vNL3X3pYeWG7TRwWJc1KhXcFjuoL0BVR2YAsd5R_nGpeStU7sjC53RsiJOc-0W7gXWowfo8yzwW35RtJhVfbuMybeCy_2mVfYE6M2eMPvcvHHfTQgo/s640/con1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWlr8LeWUJ0hY9k9qGd9WO02rV1vNL3X3pYeWG7TRwWJc1KhXcFjuoL0BVR2YAsd5R_nGpeStU7sjC53RsiJOc-0W7gXWowfo8yzwW35RtJhVfbuMybeCy_2mVfYE6M2eMPvcvHHfTQgo/s320/con1.jpg" width="320" /></a></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"> </h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"> </h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"> </h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">Here you go, a simple method to  stop your anxiety </h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">Rename folder from the right click option........</h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">Now press alt and press 255...</h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">press 255 frm the right side of the key bords i.e, Num pad.</h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">where only numbers are given.....</h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">now write con and then press enter.....yayyy!! </h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">you ll see a con folder in ur pc and also you can delete it easily.I hope you enjoyed it.see you next time by by</h4><div> </div></div>

How to Create Folder "CON"

How to Create Folder "CON" htt Hi Guys, How are you? i hope you all are well. I was little bit busy that why can't post know ...

What is a crypter? how it work's

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">What is a crypter? A Crypter is a software used to hide our viruses, keyloggers or any RAT tool from antiviruses so that they are not detected and deleted by antiviruses. Thus, a crypter is a program that allows users to crypt the source code of their program. Generally, antivirus work by splitting source code of application and then search for certain string within source code. If antivirus detects any certain malicious strings, it either stops the scan or deletes the file as virus from system. Thus a crypter basically makes an infected file FUD or UD by encrypting it. What does UD and FUD mean? UD means undetectable, so only a few antivirus programs detect it. FUD is acronym for Fully UnDetectable, so no antivirus detect it. I reccomend to scan all the files you crypt on  .Also make sure you check the box "Do not distribute sample" Also as a headsup please DO NOT scan your crypted servers on "Virus Total" as they send over all the infected files to the antivirus companies,thus spelling doom for the "FUDness" of your crypter. What does a crypter really do? A Crypter simply assigns hidden values to each individual code within source code. Thus, the source code becomes hidden. Hence, our sent crypted trojan and virus bypass antivirus detection and our purpose of hacking them is fulfilled without any AV (Anti Virus) hindrance. Not only does this crypter hide source code, it will unpack the encryption once the program is executed. How does a crypter really work? As some of you must be wondering,how does a crypter do the wonderful job of hiding your infected servers,away from the preying eyes of the antiviruses? Well, the basic working of a crypter is explained below. The Crypter takes the original binary file of you exe and applies many encryptions on it and stores on the end of file(EOF).So a new crypted executable file is created. Original Exe Crypted Exe (ORIGINAL)001————- (CRYPTED)010 <div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" height="217" src="http://i.imgur.com/T9VIo.png" width="400" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" height="176" src="http://i.imgur.com/RTh5c.png" width="400" /></div> The new exe is not detected by antiviruses because its code is scrambled by the crypter. When executed the new .exe file decrypts the binary file into small data small pieces at a time and injects them into another already existing process or a new empty one, OR it drops the code into multiple chunks in alternative data streams(not scanned by most a/v) then executes it as a .txt or .mp3 file. Can I hide my crypted files in another program? The simple answer to this is yes.For this we can make the use of file binders.Some crypters come inbuilt with binders,some are not,but we can easily use a binder program to meet our purpose. A file binder is very self explanatory.It binds,or puts two files together as one,hence when one opens this "binded" file,two files will execute at once. A binder makes a server look even more stealthy, than just a simply crypted file. What are the parts of a crypter? Generally a crypter has two parts °A client, °A stub. The client is the interface where we may upload our file and use the options it brings, according to the programmer that made the crypter and crypt our files. The stub is an executable file(.exe) or a. Dll some times. This file is used as a filter for files that are uploaded to the client crypter What are the types of crypters? Well crypters can be broadly classified into the following types: Types of Crypter ° External Stub ° Internal Stub ° Runtime ° Scantime External Stub : Well most of you have downloaded a public crypter by now and when you open the folder you have seen 2 things: 1.Client.exe and 2.Stub.exe These type of crypters are called External Crypter in which the functionality of the crypter pretty much depends on the external stub. You delete the stub and the crypter is useless. Internal Stub : The crypters that contain only Client.exe fall under this category. In this the stub is coded within the crypter. <ins style="border: none; display: inline-table; height: 60px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 468px;"><ins id="aswift_0_anchor" style="border: none; display: block; height: 60px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 468px;"></ins></ins> Runtime Crypters : The crypters that crypts a server that remains Undetectable upon running in the memory of a PC is called a runtime crypter.A Runtime crypter encrypts the specified file and when it is executed,it is decrypted in the memory.This way the antiviruses are not <div style="text-align: center;">please use what i post for legal things   </div></div>

What is a crypter? how it work's

What is a crypter? A Crypter is a software used to hide our viruses, keyloggers or any RAT tool from antiviruses so that they are not detect...

Difference Between GPS and GPRS?

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h1 style="color: #282828; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 22px; text-align: center;">Difference Between GPS and GPRS?</h1><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="right"></td></tr></tbody></table><h2>What Is GPS?</h2>Global Positioning System or GPS is a satellite based navigation and positioning tool. GPS was originally developed for military purposes by Department of Defence in the year 1973. Back then it was used by soldiers and military vehicles to accurately locate their positions in a battle field. But today GPS is used for many reasons. <h3>Different Uses</h3>It is used to forecast weather conditions, study earthquakes and for commercial purposes like phones, cars, boats and so on. Outdoor sports such as hiking, fishing and so on also use GPS. <h2>So how does GPS Work?</h2>The constellation of satellites orbiting earth circles the earth making two complete rotations everyday. There are 24 satellites in operation travelling about 19,300 km. GPS receivers receive signals from 4 to 7 satellites at a give time. It determines its own position by calculating the distance of the satellites. GPS works on a simple mathematical calculation called Trilteration. GPS works well when you are out in the open. <img alt="GPS Positioning" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1481" height="305" src="http://c9004867.r67.cf2.rackcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/GPS_positioning.jpg" width="444" /> In short GPS is made up of three distinct parts: <ol><li>24 satellites orbiting the Earth twice a day. That is, it takes 12 hours to complete one circle.</li><li>The GPS on the Earth receiving the satellite signals.</li><li>The data center which controls and monitors GPS stations on the Earth.</li></ol>Now that we have an overview of what GPS is and how it works. Let us look at a similar tool GPRS and its functionalities. <h2>What is GPRS?</h2>GPRS is the abbreviation for General Packet Radio Service. GPRS is used for wireless communication using a mobile device. <h3>Different Uses</h3>With this service you can access the internet, send emails and large data. You can also watch real time News, download games and watch movies. <h2>How does GPRS work?</h2>You must be aware of how files are transferred from one location to another on your computer. They are broken down into Packets and sent across. Similarly GPRS also uses the same function to transfer data through a network.  The information is split into smaller units or Packets and sent through the network and is reassembled at the receiving end.  GPRS provides a high-speed data transfer, typically between 56 Kbits per second to 114 Kbits per second.  A user of the GPRS network is charged only on the amount of data is sent or received as opposed to the duration of the connection. <img alt="GPRS Function" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1482" height="359" src="http://c9004867.r67.cf2.rackcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/GPRS_Function.jpg" width="560" /> Now that you have a good understanding of both the technologies, let us summerise the difference: <h3>GPS</h3><ul><li>A positioning service that can determine any position on the Earth</li><li>Receives signals from Satellites</li><li>Can be used on both land and sea, in any part of the globe.</li></ul><h3>GPRS</h3><ul><li>A data service technology that provides wireless communication</li><li>Receives signals from cellular towers</li><li>Range is limited to land.</li></ul></div>

Difference Between GPS and GPRS?

Difference Between GPS and GPRS? What Is GPS? Global Positioning System or GPS is a satellite based navigation and positioning tool. GPS ...

A Basic UNIX Overview (big post with full details)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">   UNIX FOR DOSADDICTED WaReZ PuPPieZ AND THEIR PETS  By Fahad Naeem   Introduction   ------------   One of themost common operating systems in existance is Unix. Unix   exists inmany different flavors, from Berkeley BSD to AT&T System V   to SunOs. Basicworking knowledge of Unix is almost essential to a   hacker, asit is the system a hacker is most likely to come across.   If youintend to use the internet at all, or to do any serious   explorationof Telenet, the ability to navigate through Unix is a   necessity. (Unixis also the single most interesting system in   existance: it'sjust fun to fuck with).     Unix Logins   -----------   Most Unixlogins look essentially the same. A general Unix login   prompt lookssomething like this:   connected tofive.finger.com   login:   That firstline is the system identifier. Although it's not at all   essential towhat you are doing, it's good to know what system you are   attemptingto log on to.   The secondline is what typically identifies the system you are on as   Unix. Almostall Unix systems greet a user with the same prompt:   login:.   Well,there's not much to do in Unix from the outside, and Unix   systems aretypically fairly secure at this point. You may be able to   obtain alist of users, or current users, by logging in as 'who', but   other thanthat there are few functions available here.   Unless youare on the internet, or have accounts specifically for the   specificmachine you are on, the only way on to the system is to try   the defaultpasswords. What are the default passwords?   Unix systemscome installed with certain passwords automatically. In   addition,some accounts must exist on a system. One such account is   'root'. Thisuser is the divine Kami of the Unix system... in short,   an allaccess pass. Unfortunately, few systems allow root logins   remotely,and even fewer leave 'root' unpassworded. Nevertheless, it's   always wortha shot... try this:   connected toren.stimpy.net   login: root   password: root   invalidlogin   login:   well, nicetry anyways... other possible passwords for root include   'sysadmin','sys', 'admin'... you get the idea. You may also want to   try thesepasswords with a single digit appended (added, idiot) to   them... meaningthe password 'root' could be 'root1' or 'root2'.   Aninteresting tip about passwords in general... many people that use   passwordsunder 8 characters tend to add a digit or a non-alphanumeric   character tothe password. This is done in order to hinder guessing,   and to stoppassword breakers (more on this later). In this case, you   may want totry adding a space before root... or even an ascii 255 to   the end.   Fortunately,there is more than one default password in a unix   system... aquick list:   sys        sys   bin        bin   daemon     daemon   rje        rje   setup      setup   uucp       uucp/nuucp/anonymous   nuucp      uucp/nuucp/anonymous   mountfsys  mountfsys   In theSystem  -------------   Ok, at thispoint, I'm going to assume you've gotten past the login...   as painfulas that may sound. Although Unix may be secure from the   outside,without effort from the system administrators, the inside of   the systemis not.   First off,you'll likely by asked for a terminal. vt100 serves your   purposessufficently, and it's typically the default, so hit enter.   Now,hopefully, you have a prompt. There are many different types of   unixprompts, some of which contain current directory information,   some ofwhich are just a single character. Just don't panic when my   examplesdon't look exactly like what you've got on your screen.   The firstthing you *need* to do on the system is establish your tty   paramters. Aseldritch and arcane sounding as this term may seem, it's   actuallyquite simple... you need to tell the system what keys are   going to dowhat.   The commandto set these parameters is 'stty'. Watch:   squinkyB ] sttyerase ^h   squinkyB ]   There... thatwasn't so bad, was it? Well, it's also pretty   meaninglessto you, unless you have the ascii table memorized and are   pretty goodat on-the-spot deduction.   The ttyerase parameters determines which key is to be used as a   backspace. Attimes, this may already be set when you log in, or it   may be setto a suitable alternate (such as delete). Most of the time   the systemwill tell you when you log on if this is so. In this case,   we'veentered ^h in order to make the backspace key, appropriately   enough,backspace.   Anotherextremely important parameter is 'intr'. The 'intr' paramter   tells theUnix system what you intend to use as a break character...   you shouldhave this set to ^c.   GettingAround  --------------   A good thingto remember about Unix is that it's alot like DOS. Files   are laid outin directories just as in DOS... in fact, the only   immediatedifference in the directory structures is that Unix uses a   forwardslash ("/", moron!) instead of a backwards one.   Also, thebasic Unix directory navigation command is identical to DOS.   In order tochange directories, you use the command 'chdir', or 'cd'.   A quickexample:   1 /usr1/astoria] cd ..   2 /usr ]   Wala. Thatsimple. Quick notes:   ю cd / willtake you to root.   ю cd /*pathname*will take you to *pathname*   ю cd homewill take you to your home directory.   You can makeand delete your own directories with the mkdir/rmdir   commands. Simplyput, mkdir makes a subdirectory off of the current   directory,and rmdir removes a subdirectory from the current   subdirectory.Good to know if you plan to do a lot of file transfers.   An importantnote about Unix directories, files, and concepts:   Unix is acase-sensitive operating system. Thus, the files   ю Spleen   ю spleen   ю SPLEEN   ю SpLeEn   are alldifferent. This rule applies to directories and command line   paramters,as well as most other Unix ideas.   Another nicething to know about Unix: Unix files are not subject to   the normalDOS 8 character limit. Thus, you can have vast filenames,   such as "this_file_ate_my_biscuit".   Some otherimportant commands  -----------------------------   First andforemost, you should know cp. cp is the basic Unix   equivalentof the DOS COPY command. The command line for cp is   identical tothat of COPY.   Next on thescale of cosmic import is cat. cat is the Unix equivalent   of the DOSTYPE command, and once again, for simple file displaying,   the commandline is identical.    Variationson the theme:    pg: displayesa file page by page. Type "pg x filename", where x is a        numberof lines to display before pausing and filename is the        fileyou wish to display.    more: displaysa file screen by screen.    Stupid pettrick:    You can useyour cat to copy files, simply by using the directional    operators. Tocopy a file from here to there using cat, simply type:    % cat here    this is thefile here    % cat there    this is thefile there    % cat here> there    % cat there    this is thefile here    Theoperator ">" simply takes the output from the cat command and    places isin the location specified after it.   Anothervital command to know is 'rm'. rm deletes a file from the   system, inthe same way DEL would on a DOS system. Not to much else to   say.   Critical inyour navigation of a Unix system is the ls command. ls is   DOS DIR onheroin. Simply type ls and you get a nice, neat list of   files in thedirectory.    DIR oncontrolled substances:    There are afew command line parameters that you should know...    foremost isl. ls -l gets you a list of files, and valuable    informationabout each file, including permissions (more on that    later),size, and linked files.    Anotheruseful command for long file lists is C. ls -C gets you a    list offiles in multiple columns, much the same as DIR /W would    merit adouble column report of all existing files. A quick reminder:    ls -C isNOT the same as ls -c. Unix = case sensitive.   Another goodcommand to know, mv will move a file from directory to   directory. Forthose of you without DOS 6.0 <gasp>, mv simply copies a   file toanother directory and deletes the original.    quick tipfor files on the lam:    if you wantto rename a file (to protect the innocent), you need to    mv a fileto a different file name. A quick demo:    # ls    myfile    # catmyfile    this is myfile    # mv myfilemy_other_file    # ls   my_other_file    # catmy_other_file    this is myfile   Anothervastly important command is 'man'. In fact, man is probably   one of themost important commands extant for a beginning user... it   calls up thesystem's help files. To use man, simply type in 'man   command',where command is a Unix command you seek to gain  enlightenment regarding. It's a great way to gain an understanding of   Unixcommandline parameters.   If you areinterested in seeing who's been on of late, or just want a   few names totry to hack, type 'who'. You get a quick list of users   that haveaccessed the system lately. If you <god forbid> need to know   who you areat this point, type 'whoami'.   If you wantto change your identity on the system, type 'su name'   where nameis an account on the system. It'll ask you for the account   password,then, *presto*... instant transmogrification.    A Caveatfor smart alec hackers:    Unixtypically logs usage of the su command. While su may seem like a    greatopportunity to try to hack out passwords manually without    worryingabout the system hanging up after 3 attempts, it's typically    not a goodidea to do this, as it may alert the administrators to    yourpresence.   *Numero Unoon the list of commands NEVER to use on a Unix system:   The 'passwd'command changes your password on a Unix system. Seems   innocousenough, eh? Uh-uh. If your account is active, and there's a   very strongchance that it either is or will be, there is no better   way to losethe account than to change the password, only to have the   legitimateuser alert the sysadmins when he/she can't gain access to   his/hernormal account (well, there are better ways... you could   simply mailthe sysadmin and tell him you are trying to hack his  grandmother's life support machine through your account).   I've seenthis single, quick command turn a extremely lax system   into anironclad security compound in less than a day.   DONT-FUCK-WITH-IT.   *Numero Doson that same list:   The 'mail'command reads and sends mail. So what? Well, unless your   account isstable (and it isn't unless you either paid for it or   killed theoriginal owner in such a way that his body cannot claw it's   way out ofit's grave to it's keyboard), the user is more likely than   not going toknow if you read his mail. In addition, if you send mail   out of thesystem (type 'mail', and a username/address; type in your   message andend it with a ^d on it's own line), the response from your   message willlikewise alert the user to your presence.   SystemSpelunking  -----------------   The firstplace you want to check out in the wild uncharted directory   tree of yourfriendly neighborhood Unix system is the "/etc"   directory. What'sin it? The single most intensely important file on   the system (besidesa world writable root owned SUID file... but don't   worry aboutthat)... the passwd file.   What is inthe passwd file?   ю  a list of all accounts on the system   ю  a list of the passwords for these accounts   ю  a list of access levels for these accounts   ю  a list of the home directories for theseaccounts   ю  a list of information pertaining to theseaccounts.   Why the hellthe Unix designers decided this file should be world   readable isbeyond me. Be content to know that your standard everyday   run-of-the-mill-lacking-in-certified-cosmic-power'cat' command WILL   display thisfile. As will pg and more. However, because most users   don't havewrite permissions (more on that later) to the /etc   directory,'cat' is pretty much the only applicable command here.   However, ifyou need to copy the file to your own directory (for   whateverreason), just cat it there with the directional operator (>).   The catch:   Well, thereare two catches here. First off, regardless of system   security, ifthe passwords are in the file, they are encrypted. You   can't decryptthem. Although you can get a list of accounts without   passwordsthis way (just look for accounts with no entry in the   passwordfield), and a list of accounts that can't be logged onto   remotely/atall (NO LOGIN), you can't get much else. Sucks, don't it?   Notice Isaid 'if' the passwords are there.   <ominoussoundtrack please>   Somehorrible, paranoid, draconian system administrators mutilate   their passwdfiles in such a way that (*gasp*) the passwords don't   show up. Allyou get is one cold, icy X staring at you from the bowels   of UnixShell Siberia, mocking you as you pull your hair out in   frustration (sorry,but this is a sore spot with me). The kidnapped   passwordsreside in the shadow file in the /etc directory, available   with yourstandard everyday run-of-the-mill-but-distinct-in-the-fact-   that-only-root-level-accounts-can-use-it-to-this-extent'cat' command.   Well, if thepasswords are encrypted, what good are they?   Bythemselves, nothing. A account with a Unix encrypted password will   get you nofurther than an account with no listed password at all. You   can't evendeduce the amount of characters in the password if it's   encrypted. Sowhat's the use?   The Unixmethod of encrypting files is available to the public. It is   also, tomost mortals, irreversable. Essentially, this means you can   encrypt astring of characters, but not decrypt it. Even the unix   systemitself doesn't decrypt the password when you log on...   When you logon, the Unix system takes whatever you enter at the   passwordprompt, encrypts it, and matches it to the entry in the   passwd file.Thus, the Unix system never decrypts the password... it   onlycompares it to a different encrypted string.   While thismay not sound too particularly useful at first, it is.   There areprograms that have been written to do the same thing on a   personalcomputer... you supply it a list of passwords and a list of   words toattempt to use as passwords (called dictionaries), and it   spends thenight encrypting dictionaries and matching them to password   entries. Byrunning a dictionary through a passwd file, on a typical   system, youcan usually get 10-20 accounts. Good personal computer   examples ofthis program idea include Killer Cracker (the industry   standard, soto speak) and CrackerJack (faster than Killer Cracker).    Quick tipsfor CrackerJunkies with leech access at an H/P BBS:    A standarddictionary will not uncover passwords protected with an    appendeddigit or non-alphanumeric character. In order to get around    this, youneed only grab a program that processes the dictionary file    to add thatdigit to each entry in the dictionary... although this    takeslonger, and you'll need to do it multiple times, you can    typicallyget 10 more accounts just by adding a 1 to every entry.   Files anddirectories in Unix are characterized further by their   permissions.Permissions are a standard system of who gets access to a   specificfunction of that file or directory. Standard permissions   includeread, write, and execute. You can get a list of permissions by   typing 'ls -l'.The first field in the listing contains the   permissions,grouped as follows:   owner  group  world  --------------------   rwx    rwx    rwx   (Not drawnto scale... in fact, it doesn't look anything like that).   Essentially,as long as the letter is there, you have access to that   facet of thefile. If the letter is not there, you'll see a dash...   meaning youdon't have access to that function. An example:   rwxr-x--x   In thiscase, the owner of the file can Read the file, Write to the   file, andeXecute the file; members of his group (a bunch of linked   accounts) canRead the file, CANNOT Write to the file, and can eXecute   the file;and the rest of the user population CANNOT Read or Write to   the file,but CAN eXecute the file.   rwx---rwx   is a WORLD-READABLE,WORLD-WRITABLE, WORLD-EXECUTABLE file. This   simply meansthat anyone can read, write, or execute the file.   Anotherpermission sometimes set to a file is the SUID bit. An SUID   filecontains a smallcase s in the user executable section of the   permissionslist...   rws--x--x   When youexecute an SUID file, your user ID becomes that of the owner   of the file.While this may not look to important at first, by now you   should knowthat no really important super elite hacker concept does.   Take a lookat this:   rwsr-x--x   Synopsis?It's a world executable SUID file. In essence, anyone can   execute thefile, and in doing so, become the owner of the file for   the durationof the time that file is operating. However, this doesn't   get youmuch, because you typically can't do anything while the   programisrunning. More likely than not, it's calculating how many   pencils itneeds to order for school tomorrow or some other such   drivel.   The realpower of the SUID file comes into play in this situation:   rwsrwxrwx   You won'tsee a lot of these, but when you do, look out. What you have   here is aworld writable SUID file... and a world writable program can   be anyprogram on the system you have read access to. Like, say,   /bin/sh... theUnix shell...   Quickcommand line example... 'diablo' is a root owned, world writable   SUID file. I'mgoing to ignore the rest of the output of the ls   command.   #ls -l   rwsrwxrwx......diablo   #cat /bin/sh> diablo   #diablo   $   Oh, just soyou know, the $ prompt denotes root access.   Good deal,huh? In general, if you have right privs to an SUID file,   copy it toyour own directory and cat /bin/sh into it. You now have an   instantgateway to the account of the owner of that file.   If you wantto find files that you can do this with, try this out:   #find / -userroot -perm -4000 -exec /bin/ls -al {} ";"   This willgive you a list of all root owned SUID files. If you want   more info onthe 'find' command, just 'man find'.   Well, I'moverdo for an appointment on the IRC in #warez... so I'll   cut off here.I hope I've been of assistance to you. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------   A C T U AL  A R T I C L E  E N D S H E R E . . .   Please feelfree to save an extra 1k of file space and invoke the DOS   EDIT CUTcommand at the dotted line. Do not remove the rest of this   article onpenalty of law.   S00P3R GR00P-3SQU3GR33TZ / +HANX   Greets goout to Nowhere Man, INC, THG, UNT, SaD, SoD, PTA, SOB   Thanks to...________________________                     your ad here   Current DWEAkshul M3mbre Boards:   NitroBurnin' Funny Cars    WHQ/DWEnetHOST     (312)582-1115  <XANAX>   The ProdigalSun            CHQ/MECCA           (312)238-3585  <ASRIEL>   DarkWaters                 HQ/Infosite         (312)667-0222  <MONK>   PyroTechnicsII             Infosite            (708)991-9403  <PYRO>   DWE M3/\/\B3RLiST   Presidentand Dictator for Life: Xanax   Head Courier/WarezCracker: Asriel   HeadFisherman/Trout Expert: Changeling   Head PersonThat Gets Asriel Free CDs: Monk   Head PersonThat Gets DWE Members Free WaReZ: Pyro   Head PersonThat Knows More Than Asriel (Honorary Title): LVX   Head PersonThat Actually Wrote for DWE without Coercion: Cosmos   Head Know-It-AllStoner that runs 386bsd: Goldstein   Want towrite for DWE? Neither do we. But if the spirit moves you,   write up anarticle about anything we haven't discussed already, and   post itsomewhere in DWEnet or at any of the member boards, or call   any of themembers voice and dictate it to them, or submit it to them   schoolnewspaper of any of the members, or tack it on a bulletin board   in the ThirdCoast Cafe in Century Mall, and chances are it'll be   UNIX FOR DOSADDICTED WaReZ PuPPieZ AND THEIR PETS   Introduction   ------------   One of themost common operating systems in existance is Unix. Unix   exists inmany different flavors, from Berkeley BSD to AT&T System V   to SunOs. Basicworking knowledge of Unix is almost essential to a   hacker, asit is the system a hacker is most likely to come across.   If youintend to use the internet at all, or to do any serious   explorationof Telenet, the ability to navigate through Unix is a   necessity. (Unixis also the single most interesting system in   existance: it'sjust fun to fuck with).     Unix Logins   -----------   Most Unixlogins look essentially the same. A general Unix login   prompt lookssomething like this:   connected tofive.finger.com   login:   That firstline is the system identifier. Although it's not at all   essential towhat you are doing, it's good to know what system you are   attemptingto log on to.   The secondline is what typically identifies the system you are on as   Unix. Almostall Unix systems greet a user with the same prompt:   login:.   Well,there's not much to do in Unix from the outside, and Unix   systems aretypically fairly secure at this point. You may be able to   obtain alist of users, or current users, by logging in as 'who', but   other thanthat there are few functions available here.   Unless youare on the internet, or have accounts specifically for the   specificmachine you are on, the only way on to the system is to try   the defaultpasswords. What are the default passwords?   Unix systemscome installed with certain passwords automatically. In   addition,some accounts must exist on a system. One such account is   'root'. Thisuser is the divine Kami of the Unix system... in short,   an allaccess pass. Unfortunately, few systems allow root logins   remotely,and even fewer leave 'root' unpassworded. Nevertheless, it's   always wortha shot... try this:   connected toren.stimpy.net   login: root   password: root   invalidlogin   login:   well, nicetry anyways... other possible passwords for root include   'sysadmin','sys', 'admin'... you get the idea. You may also want to   try thesepasswords with a single digit appended (added, idiot) to   them... meaningthe password 'root' could be 'root1' or 'root2'.   Aninteresting tip about passwords in general... many people that use   passwordsunder 8 characters tend to add a digit or a non-alphanumeric   character tothe password. This is done in order to hinder guessing,   and to stoppassword breakers (more on this later). In this case, you   may want totry adding a space before root... or even an ascii 255 to   the end.   Fortunately,there is more than one default password in a unix   system... aquick list:   sys        sys   bin        bin   daemon     daemon   rje        rje   setup      setup   uucp       uucp/nuucp/anonymous   nuucp      uucp/nuucp/anonymous   mountfsys  mountfsys   In theSystem  -------------   Ok, at thispoint, I'm going to assume you've gotten past the login...   as painfulas that may sound. Although Unix may be secure from the   outside,without effort from the system administrators, the inside of   the systemis not.   First off,you'll likely by asked for a terminal. vt100 serves your   purposessufficently, and it's typically the default, so hit enter.   Now,hopefully, you have a prompt. There are many different types of   unixprompts, some of which contain current directory information,   some ofwhich are just a single character. Just don't panic when my   examplesdon't look exactly like what you've got on your screen.   The firstthing you *need* to do on the system is establish your tty   paramters. Aseldritch and arcane sounding as this term may seem, it's   actuallyquite simple... you need to tell the system what keys are   going to dowhat.   The commandto set these parameters is 'stty'. Watch:   squinkyB ] sttyerase ^h   squinkyB ]   There... thatwasn't so bad, was it? Well, it's also pretty   meaninglessto you, unless you have the ascii table memorized and are   pretty goodat on-the-spot deduction.   The ttyerase parameters determines which key is to be used as a   backspace. Attimes, this may already be set when you log in, or it   may be setto a suitable alternate (such as delete). Most of the time   the systemwill tell you when you log on if this is so. In this case,   we'veentered ^h in order to make the backspace key, appropriately   enough,backspace.   Anotherextremely important parameter is 'intr'. The 'intr' paramter   tells theUnix system what you intend to use as a break character...   you shouldhave this set to ^c.   GettingAround  --------------   A good thingto remember about Unix is that it's alot like DOS. Files   are laid outin directories just as in DOS... in fact, the only   immediatedifference in the directory structures is that Unix uses a   forwardslash ("/", moron!) instead of a backwards one.   Also, thebasic Unix directory navigation command is identical to DOS.   In order tochange directories, you use the command 'chdir', or 'cd'.   A quickexample:   1 /usr1/astoria] cd ..   2 /usr ]   Wala. Thatsimple. Quick notes:   ю cd / willtake you to root.   ю cd /*pathname*will take you to *pathname*   ю cd homewill take you to your home directory.   You can makeand delete your own directories with the mkdir/rmdir   commands. Simplyput, mkdir makes a subdirectory off of the current   directory,and rmdir removes a subdirectory from the current   subdirectory.Good to know if you plan to do a lot of file transfers.   An importantnote about Unix directories, files, and concepts:   Unix is acase-sensitive operating system. Thus, the files   ю Spleen   ю spleen   ю SPLEEN   ю SpLeEn   are alldifferent. This rule applies to directories and command line   paramters,as well as most other Unix ideas.   Another nicething to know about Unix: Unix files are not subject to   the normalDOS 8 character limit. Thus, you can have vast filenames,   such as "this_file_ate_my_biscuit".   Some otherimportant commands  -----------------------------   First andforemost, you should know cp. cp is the basic Unix   equivalentof the DOS COPY command. The command line for cp is   identical tothat of COPY.   Next on thescale of cosmic import is cat. cat is the Unix equivalent   of the DOSTYPE command, and once again, for simple file displaying,   the commandline is identical.    Variationson the theme:    pg: displayesa file page by page. Type "pg x filename", where x is a        numberof lines to display before pausing and filename is the        fileyou wish to display.    more: displaysa file screen by screen.    Stupid pettrick:    You can useyour cat to copy files, simply by using the directional    operators. Tocopy a file from here to there using cat, simply type:    % cat here    this is thefile here    % cat there    this is thefile there    % cat here> there    % cat there    this is thefile here    Theoperator ">" simply takes the output from the cat command and    places isin the location specified after it.   Anothervital command to know is 'rm'. rm deletes a file from the   system, inthe same way DEL would on a DOS system. Not to much else to   say.   Critical inyour navigation of a Unix system is the ls command. ls is   DOS DIR onheroin. Simply type ls and you get a nice, neat list of   files in thedirectory.    DIR oncontrolled substances:    There are afew command line parameters that you should know...    foremost isl. ls -l gets you a list of files, and valuable    informationabout each file, including permissions (more on that    later),size, and linked files.    Anotheruseful command for long file lists is C. ls -C gets you a    list offiles in multiple columns, much the same as DIR /W would    merit adouble column report of all existing files. A quick reminder:    ls -C isNOT the same as ls -c. Unix = case sensitive.   Another goodcommand to know, mv will move a file from directory to   directory. Forthose of you without DOS 6.0 <gasp>, mv simply copies a   file toanother directory and deletes the original.    quick tipfor files on the lam:    if you wantto rename a file (to protect the innocent), you need to    mv a fileto a different file name. A quick demo:    # ls    myfile    # catmyfile    this is myfile    # mv myfilemy_other_file    # ls   my_other_file    # catmy_other_file    this is myfile   Anothervastly important command is 'man'. In fact, man is probably   one of themost important commands extant for a beginning user... it   calls up thesystem's help files. To use man, simply type in 'man   command',where command is a Unix command you seek to gain  enlightenment regarding. It's a great way to gain an understanding of   Unixcommandline parameters.   If you areinterested in seeing who's been on of late, or just want a   few names totry to hack, type 'who'. You get a quick list of users   that haveaccessed the system lately. If you <god forbid> need to know   who you areat this point, type 'whoami'.   If you wantto change your identity on the system, type 'su name'   where nameis an account on the system. It'll ask you for the account   password,then, *presto*... instant transmogrification.    A Caveatfor smart alec hackers:    Unixtypically logs usage of the su command. While su may seem like a    greatopportunity to try to hack out passwords manually without    worryingabout the system hanging up after 3 attempts, it's typically    not a goodidea to do this, as it may alert the administrators to    yourpresence.   *Numero Unoon the list of commands NEVER to use on a Unix system:   The 'passwd'command changes your password on a Unix system. Seems   innocousenough, eh? Uh-uh. If your account is active, and there's a   very strongchance that it either is or will be, there is no better   way to losethe account than to change the password, only to have the   legitimateuser alert the sysadmins when he/she can't gain access to   his/hernormal account (well, there are better ways... you could   simply mailthe sysadmin and tell him you are trying to hack his  grandmother's life support machine through your account).   I've seenthis single, quick command turn a extremely lax system   into anironclad security compound in less than a day.   DONT-FUCK-WITH-IT.   *Numero Doson that same list:   The 'mail'command reads and sends mail. So what? Well, unless your   account isstable (and it isn't unless you either paid for it or   killed theoriginal owner in such a way that his body cannot claw it's   way out ofit's grave to it's keyboard), the user is more likely than   not going toknow if you read his mail. In addition, if you send mail   out of thesystem (type 'mail', and a username/address; type in your   message andend it with a ^d on it's own line), the response from your   message willlikewise alert the user to your presence.   SystemSpelunking  -----------------   The firstplace you want to check out in the wild uncharted directory   tree of yourfriendly neighborhood Unix system is the "/etc"   directory. What'sin it? The single most intensely important file on   the system (besidesa world writable root owned SUID file... but don't   worry aboutthat)... the passwd file.   What is inthe passwd file?   ю  a list of all accounts on the system   ю  a list of the passwords for these accounts   ю  a list of access levels for these accounts   ю  a list of the home directories for theseaccounts   ю  a list of information pertaining to theseaccounts.   Why the hellthe Unix designers decided this file should be world   readable isbeyond me. Be content to know that your standard everyday   run-of-the-mill-lacking-in-certified-cosmic-power'cat' command WILL   display thisfile. As will pg and more. However, because most users   don't havewrite permissions (more on that later) to the /etc   directory,'cat' is pretty much the only applicable command here.   However, ifyou need to copy the file to your own directory (for   whateverreason), just cat it there with the directional operator (>).   The catch:   Well, thereare two catches here. First off, regardless of system   security, ifthe passwords are in the file, they are encrypted. You   can't decryptthem. Although you can get a list of accounts without   passwordsthis way (just look for accounts with no entry in the   passwordfield), and a list of accounts that can't be logged onto   remotely/atall (NO LOGIN), you can't get much else. Sucks, don't it?   Notice Isaid 'if' the passwords are there.   <ominoussoundtrack please>   Somehorrible, paranoid, draconian system administrators mutilate   their passwdfiles in such a way that (*gasp*) the passwords don't   show up. Allyou get is one cold, icy X staring at you from the bowels   of UnixShell Siberia, mocking you as you pull your hair out in   frustration (sorry,but this is a sore spot with me). The kidnapped   passwordsreside in the shadow file in the /etc directory, available   with yourstandard everyday run-of-the-mill-but-distinct-in-the-fact-   that-only-root-level-accounts-can-use-it-to-this-extent'cat' command.   Well, if thepasswords are encrypted, what good are they?   Bythemselves, nothing. A account with a Unix encrypted password will   get you nofurther than an account with no listed password at all. You   can't evendeduce the amount of characters in the password if it's   encrypted. Sowhat's the use?   The Unixmethod of encrypting files is available to the public. It is   also, tomost mortals, irreversable. Essentially, this means you can   encrypt astring of characters, but not decrypt it. Even the unix   systemitself doesn't decrypt the password when you log on...   When you logon, the Unix system takes whatever you enter at the   passwordprompt, encrypts it, and matches it to the entry in the   passwd file.Thus, the Unix system never decrypts the password... it   onlycompares it to a different encrypted string.   While thismay not sound too particularly useful at first, it is.   There areprograms that have been written to do the same thing on a   personalcomputer... you supply it a list of passwords and a list of   words toattempt to use as passwords (called dictionaries), and it   spends thenight encrypting dictionaries and matching them to password   entries. Byrunning a dictionary through a passwd file, on a typical   system, youcan usually get 10-20 accounts. Good personal computer   examples ofthis program idea include Killer Cracker (the industry   standard, soto speak) and CrackerJack (faster than Killer Cracker).    Quick tipsfor CrackerJunkies with leech access at an H/P BBS:    A standarddictionary will not uncover passwords protected with an    appendeddigit or non-alphanumeric character. In order to get around    this, youneed only grab a program that processes the dictionary file    to add thatdigit to each entry in the dictionary... although this    takeslonger, and you'll need to do it multiple times, you can    typicallyget 10 more accounts just by adding a 1 to every entry.   Files anddirectories in Unix are characterized further by their   permissions.Permissions are a standard system of who gets access to a   specificfunction of that file or directory. Standard permissions   includeread, write, and execute. You can get a list of permissions by   typing 'ls -l'.The first field in the listing contains the   permissions,grouped as follows:   owner  group  world  --------------------   rwx    rwx    rwx   (Not drawnto scale... in fact, it doesn't look anything like that).   Essentially,as long as the letter is there, you have access to that   facet of thefile. If the letter is not there, you'll see a dash...   meaning youdon't have access to that function. An example:   rwxr-x--x   In thiscase, the owner of the file can Read the file, Write to the   file, andeXecute the file; members of his group (a bunch of linked   accounts) canRead the file, CANNOT Write to the file, and can eXecute   the file;and the rest of the user population CANNOT Read or Write to   the file,but CAN eXecute the file.   rwx---rwx   is a WORLD-READABLE,WORLD-WRITABLE, WORLD-EXECUTABLE file. This   simply meansthat anyone can read, write, or execute the file.   Anotherpermission sometimes set to a file is the SUID bit. An SUID   filecontains a smallcase s in the user executable section of the   permissionslist...   rws--x--x   When youexecute an SUID file, your user ID becomes that of the owner   of the file.While this may not look to important at first, by now you   should knowthat no really important super elite hacker concept does.   Take a lookat this:   rwsr-x--x   Synopsis?It's a world executable SUID file. In essence, anyone can   execute thefile, and in doing so, become the owner of the file for   the durationof the time that file is operating. However, this doesn't   get youmuch, because you typically can't do anything while the   programisrunning. More likely than not, it's calculating how many   pencils itneeds to order for school tomorrow or some other such   drivel.   The realpower of the SUID file comes into play in this situation:   rwsrwxrwx   You won'tsee a lot of these, but when you do, look out. What you have   here is aworld writable SUID file... and a world writable program can   be anyprogram on the system you have read access to. Like, say,   /bin/sh... theUnix shell...   Quickcommand line example... 'diablo' is a root owned, world writable   SUID file. I'mgoing to ignore the rest of the output of the ls   command.   #ls -l   rwsrwxrwx......diablo   #cat /bin/sh> diablo   #diablo   $   Oh, just soyou know, the $ prompt denotes root access.   Good deal,huh? In general, if you have right privs to an SUID file,   copy it toyour own directory and cat /bin/sh into it. You now have an   instantgateway to the account of the owner of that file.   If you wantto find files that you can do this with, try this out:   #find / -userroot -perm -4000 -exec /bin/ls -al {} ";"   This willgive you a list of all root owned SUID files. If you want   more info onthe 'find' command, just 'man find'.   Well, I'moverdo for an appointment on the IRC in #warez... so I'll   cut off here.I hope I've been of assistance to you. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------   A C T U AL  A R T I C L E  E N D S H E R E . . .   Please feelfree to save an extra 1k of file space and invoke the DOS   EDIT CUTcommand at the dotted line. Do not remove the rest of this   article onpenalty of law.   S00P3R GR00P-3SQU3GR33TZ / +HANX   Greets goout to Nowhere Man, INC, THG, UNT, SaD, SoD, PTA, SOB   Thanks to...________________________                     your ad here   Current DWEAkshul M3mbre Boards:   NitroBurnin' Funny Cars    WHQ/DWEnetHOST     (312)582-1115  <XANAX>   The ProdigalSun            CHQ/MECCA           (312)238-3585  <ASRIEL>   DarkWaters                 HQ/Infosite         (312)667-0222  <MONK>   PyroTechnicsII             Infosite            (708)991-9403  <PYRO>   DWE M3/\/\B3RLiST   Presidentand Dictator for Life: Xanax   Head Courier/WarezCracker: Asriel   HeadFisherman/Trout Expert: Changeling   Head PersonThat Gets Asriel Free CDs: Monk   Head PersonThat Gets DWE Members Free WaReZ: Pyro   Head PersonThat Knows More Than Asriel (Honorary Title): LVX   Head PersonThat Actually Wrote for DWE without Coercion: Cosmos   Head Know-It-AllStoner that runs 386bsd: Goldstein   Want towrite for DWE? Neither do we. But if the spirit moves you,   write up anarticle about anything we haven't discussed already, and   post itsomewhere in DWEnet or at any of the member boards, or call   any of themembers voice and dictate it to them, or submit it to them   schoolnewspaper of any of the members, or tack it on a bulletin board   in the ThirdCoast Cafe in Century Mall, and chances are it'll be   released asa s00per c00l DWE article. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOEibCJnFZIAw3iVOBariHmGbZmek0neS5hNRDbPrD1SNEMMIsHQTEGnqNEcf_bAVO7hHLZmbc3iyDELOR2ygJI4hPPjJ-r8-v2iIAhOfBBSlVexBjsWHhIdSad4p_4CoWLw1acvxHPwY/s1600/6662.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOEibCJnFZIAw3iVOBariHmGbZmek0neS5hNRDbPrD1SNEMMIsHQTEGnqNEcf_bAVO7hHLZmbc3iyDELOR2ygJI4hPPjJ-r8-v2iIAhOfBBSlVexBjsWHhIdSad4p_4CoWLw1acvxHPwY/s1600/6662.jpg" /></a> </div>

A Basic UNIX Overview (big post with full details)

UNIX FOR DOSADDICTED WaReZ PuPPieZ AND THEIR PETS By Fahad Naeem Introduction ------------ One of themost common operating systems ...

What is the Registry?

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2 style="text-align: center;"> What is the Registry?</h2><h2 style="text-align: center;">Today i will share with you what is registry here we go </h2><div style="text-align: left;"> </div>The Registry is a database used to store settings and options for the 32 bit versions of Microsoft Windows including Windows 95, 98, ME and NT/2000. It contains information and settings for all the hardware, software, users, and preferences of the PC. Whenever a user makes changes to a Control Panel settings, or File Associations, System Policies, or installed software, the changes are reflected and stored in the Registry. The physical files that make up the registry are stored differently depending on your version of Windows; under Windows 95 & 98 it is contained in two hidden files in your Windows directory, called USER.DAT and SYSTEM.DAT, for Windows Me there is an additional CLASSES.DAT file, while under Windows NT/2000 the files are contained seperately in the %SystemRoot%\System32\Config directory. You can not edit these files directly, you must use a tool commonly known as a "Registry Editor" to make any changes (using registry editors will be discussed later in the article). The Structure of The Registry The Registry has a hierarchal structure, although it looks complicated the structure is similar to the directory structure on your hard disk, with Regedit being similar to Windows Explorer. Each main branch (denoted by a folder icon in the Registry Editor, see left) is called a Hive, and Hives contains Keys. Each key can contain other keys (sometimes referred to as sub-keys), as well as Values. The values contain the actual information stored in the Registry. There are three types of values; String, Binary, and DWORD - the use of these depends upon the context. There are six main branches, each containing a specific portion of the information stored in the Registry. They are as follows: * HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT - This branch contains all of your file association mappings to support the drag-and-drop feature, OLE information, Windows shortcuts, and core aspects of the Windows user interface. * HKEY_CURRENT_USER - This branch links to the section of HKEY_USERS appropriate for the user currently logged onto the PC and contains information such as logon names, desktop settings, and Start menu settings. * HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE - This branch contains computer specific information about the type of hardware, software, and other preferences on a given PC, this information is used for all users who log onto this computer. * HKEY_USERS - This branch contains individual preferences for each user of the computer, each user is represented by a SID sub-key located under the main branch. * HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG - This branch links to the section of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE appropriate for the current hardware configuration. * HKEY_DYN_DATA - This branch points to the part of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, for use with the Plug-&-Play features of Windows, this section is dymanic and will change as devices are added and removed from the system. Each registry value is stored as one of five main data types: * REG_BINARY - This type stores the value as raw binary data. Most hardware component information is stored as binary data, and can be displayed in an editor in hexadecimal format. * REG_DWORD - This type represents the data by a four byte number and is commonly used for boolean values, such as "0" is disabled and "1" is enabled. Additionally many parameters for device driver and services are this type, and can be displayed in REGEDT32 in binary, hexadecimal and decimal format, or in REGEDIT in hexadecimal and decimal format. * REG_EXPAND_SZ - This type is an expandable data string that is string containing a variable to be replaced when called by an application. For example, for the following value, the string "%SystemRoot%" will replaced by the actual location of the directory containing the Windows NT system files. (This type is only available using an advanced registry editor such as REGEDT32) * REG_MULTI_SZ - This type is a multiple string used to represent values that contain lists or multiple values, each entry is separated by a NULL character. (This type is only available using an advanced registry editor such as REGEDT32) * REG_SZ - This type is a standard string, used to represent human readable text values. Other data types not available through the standard registry editors include: * REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN - A 32-bit number in little-endian format. * REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN - A 32-bit number in big-endian format. * REG_LINK - A Unicode symbolic link. Used internally; applications should not use this type. * REG_NONE - No defined value type. * REG_QWORD - A 64-bit number. * REG_QWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN - A 64-bit number in little-endian format. * REG_RESOURCE_LIST - A device-driver resource list. Editing The Registry The Registry Editor (REGEDIT.EXE) is included with most version of Windows (although you won't find it on the Start Menu) it enables you to view, search and edit the data within the Registry. There are several methods for starting the Registry Editor, the simplest is to click on the Start button, then select Run, and in the Open box type "regedit", and if the Registry Editor is installed it should now open and look like the image below. An alternative Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE) is available for use with Windows NT/2000, it includes some additional features not found in the standard version, including; the ability to view and modify security permissions, and being able to create and modify the extended string values REG_EXPAND_SZ & REG_MULTI_SZ. Create a Shortcut to Regedit This can be done by simply right-clicking on a blank area of your desktop, selecting New, then Shortcut, then in the Command line box enter "regedit.exe" and click Next, enter a friendly name (e.g. 'Registry Editor') then click Finish and now you can double click on the new icon to launch the Registry Editor. Using Regedit to modify your Registry Once you have started the Regedit you will notice that on the left side there is a tree with folders, and on the right the contents (values) of the currently selected folder. Like Windows explorer, to expand a certain branch (see the structure of the registry section), click on the plus sign [+] to the left of any folder, or just double-click on the folder. To display the contents of a key (folder), just click the desired key, and look at the values listed on the right side. You can add a new key or value by selecting New from the Edit menu, or by right-clicking your mouse. And you can rename any value and almost any key with the same method used to rename files; right-click on an object and click rename, or click on it twice (slowly), or just press F2 on the keyboard. Lastly, you can delete a key or value by clicking on it, and pressing Delete on the keyboard, or by right-clicking on it, and choosing Delete. Note: it is always a good idea to backup your registry before making any changes to it. It can be intimidating to a new user, and there is always the possibility of changing or deleting a critical setting causing you to have to reinstall the whole operating system. It's much better to be safe than sorry! Importing and Exporting Registry Settings A great feature of the Registry Editor is it's ability to import and export registry settings to a text file, this text file, identified by the .REG extension, can then be saved or shared with other people to easily modify local registry settings. You can see the layout of these text files by simply exporting a key to a file and opening it in Notepad, to do this using the Registry Editor select a key, then from the "Registry" menu choose "Export Registry File...", choose a filename and save. If you open this file in notepad you will see a file similar to the example below: Quote: REGEDIT4 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] "SetupType"=dword:00000000 "CmdLine"="setup -newsetup" "SystemPrefix"=hex:c5,0b,00,00,00,40,36,02 The layout is quite simple, REGEDIT4 indicated the file type and version, [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] indicated the key the values are from, "SetupType"=dword:00000000 are the values themselves the portion after the "=" will vary depending on the type of value they are; DWORD, String or Binary. So by simply editing this file to make the changes you want, it can then be easily distributed and all that need to be done is to double-click, or choose "Import" from the Registry menu, for the settings to be added to the system Registry. Deleting keys or values using a REG file It is also possible to delete keys and values using REG files. To delete a key start by using the same format as the the REG file above, but place a "-" symbol in front of the key name you want to delete. For example to delete the [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] key the reg file would look like this: Quote: REGEDIT4 [-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] The format used to delete individual values is similar, but instead of a minus sign in front of the whole key, place it after the equal sign of the value. For example, to delete the value "SetupType" the file would look like: Quote: REGEDIT4 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] "SetupType"=- Use this feature with care, as deleting the wrong key or value could cause major problems within the registry, so remember to always make a backup first. Regedit Command Line Options Regedit has a number of command line options to help automate it's use in either batch files or from the command prompt. Listed below are some of the options, please note the some of the functions are operating system specific. * regedit.exe [options] [filename] [regpath] * [filename] Import .reg file into the registry * /s [filename] Silent import, i.e. hide confirmation box when importing files * /e [filename] [regpath] Export the registry to [filename] starting at [regpath] e.g. regedit /e file.reg HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT * /L:system Specify the location of the system.dat to use * /R:user Specify the location of the user.dat to use * /C [filename] Compress (Windows 98) * /D [regpath] Delete the specified key (Windows 98) Maintaining the Registry How can you backup and restore the Registry? Windows 95 Microsoft included a utility on the Windows 95 CD-ROM that lets you create backups of the Registry on your computer. The Microsoft Configuration Backup program, CFGBACK.EXE, can be found in the \Other\Misc\Cfgback directory on the Windows 95 CD-ROM. This utility lets you create up to nine different backup copies of the Registry, which it stores, with the extension RBK, in your \Windows directory. If your system is set up for multiple users, CFGBACK.EXE won't back up the USER.DAT file. After you have backed up your Registry, you can copy the RBK file onto a floppy disk for safekeeping. However, to restore from a backup, the RBK file must reside in the \Windows directory. Windows 95 stores the backups in compressed form, which you can then restore only by using the CFGBACK.EXE utility. Windows 98 Microsoft Windows 98 automatically creates a backup copy of the registry every time Windows starts, in addition to this you can manually create a backup using the Registry Checker utility by running SCANREGW.EXE from Start | Run menu. What to do if you get a Corrupted Registry Windows 95, 98 and NT all have a simple registry backup mechanism that is quite reliable, although you should never simply rely on it, remember to always make a backup first! Windows 95 In the Windows directory there are several hidden files, four of these will be SYSTEM.DAT & USER.DAT, your current registry, and SYSTEM.DA0 & USER.DA0, a backup of your registry. Windows 9x has a nice reature in that every time it appears to start successfully it will copy the registry over these backup files, so just in case something goes wrong can can restore it to a known good state. To restore the registry follow these instruction: [list=1] * Click the Start button, and then click Shut Down. * Click Restart The Computer In MS-DOS Mode, then click Yes. * Change to your Windows directory. For example, if your Windows directory is c:\windows, you would type the following: cd c:\windows * Type the following commands, pressing ENTER after each one. (Note that SYSTEM.DA0 and USER.DA0 contain the number zero.) attrib -h -r -s system.dat attrib -h -r -s system.da0 copy system.da0 system.dat attrib -h -r -s user.dat attrib -h -r -s user.da0 copy user.da0 user.dat * Restart your computer. Following this procedure will restore your registry to its state when you last successfully started your computer. If all else fails, there is a file on your hard disk named SYSTEM.1ST that was created when Windows 95 was first successfully installed. If necessary you could also change the file attributes of this file from read-only and hidden to archive to copy the file to C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM.DAT. Windows NT On Windows NT you can use either the "Last Known Good" option or RDISK to restore to registry to a stable working configuration. How can I clean out old data from the Registry? Although it's possible to manually go through the Registry and delete unwanted entries, Microsoft provides a tool to automate the process, the program is called RegClean. RegClean analyzes Windows Registry keys stored in a common location in the Windows Registry. It finds keys that contain erroneous values, it removes them from the Windows Registry after having recording those entries in the Undo.Reg file.</div>

What is the Registry?

What is the Registry? Today i will share with you what is registry here we go The Registry is a database used to store settings and option...